Equilibrium,kinetics and thermodynamics studies on adsorptive removal of cobalt ions from wastewater using MIL-100(Fe)

This study describes experiments in which MIL-100(Fe) was used to remove Co²⁺ ions from the waste water. The synthesised adsorbent was characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was used to investigate the effects of different parameters. From the obtained results, the removal efficiency was enhanced with increasing contact time and pH but decreased with increasing cobalt initial concentration. The maximum removal efficiency of Co⁺² was 93.4% under optimum conditions. The equilibrium adsorption data were best fitted to linearly transformed Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption kinetic data followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Co⁺² on to the MIL-100(Fe) was found to be 119 mg g^?1. The results showed that ?G of adsorption was negative, while ?H was positive which showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The positive value of ?S showed that disordering and randomness increased at the solid–solution interface of cobalt ions with MIL-100(Fe) particles.     

土壤环境中活性X-3B红染料的吸附行为及影响因素

对土壤吸附活性X-3B红染料的速率进行了测定,表明可以划分为高速吸附、减速吸附、缓慢吸附和0(平衡)吸附4个阶段;但各土类在各不同的阶段,其吸附速率差异较大.通过对活性X-3B红染料的土壤吸附等温线的研究,发现其吸附行为与Langmuir方程相吻合;在此基础上的计算表明,该染料在土壤上的最大吸附量为:水稻土>红壤>棕壤>褐土.从环境因素的影响而论,模拟结果显示:当土壤有机质较低或气温下降,当土壤处于中性状态或水分过多和过少,均能通过减少其吸附量达到降低活性X-3B红染料在土壤环境中的积累.     

Assessing Effectiveness of National Flood Policy Through Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Socioeconomic Exposure1

Abstract: After a century of evolving flood policies, there has been a steady increase in flood losses, which has partly been driven by development in flood prone areas. National flood policy was revised in 1994 to focus on limiting and reducing the amount of development inside the 100‐year floodplain, with the goal of decreasing flood losses, which can be measured and quantified in terms of population and property value inside the 100‐year floodplain. Monitoring changes in these measurable indicators can inform where and how effective national floodplain management strategies have been. National flood policies are restricted to the spatial extent of the 100‐year floodplain, thus there are no development regulations to protect against flooding adjacent to this boundary. No consistent monitoring has been undertaken to examine the effect of flood policy on development immediately outside the 100‐year floodplain. We developed a standardized methodology, which leveraged national data to quantify changes in population and building tax value (exposure). We applied this approach to counties in North Carolina to assess (1) temporal changes, before and after the 1994 policy and (2) spatial changes, inside and adjacent to the 100‐year floodplain. Temporal results indicate the Piedmont and Mountain Region had limited success at reducing exposure within the 100‐year floodplain, while the Coastal Plain successfully reduced exposure. Spatially, there was a significant increase in exposure immediately outside the 100‐year floodplain throughout North Carolina. The lack of consistent monitoring has resulted in the continuation of this unintended consequence, which could be a significant driver of increased flood losses as any flood even slightly higher than the 100‐year floodplain will have a disproportionately large impact since development is outside the legal boundary of national flood policy.     

TiO2固定相体系光催化降解活性艳红X-3B的动力学研究

以活性艳红x-3B为例，研究了多相光催化氧化反应中有关反应速度的动力学规律，并着重研究了有机物初始浓度、光照强度、pH值对反应级数的影响；得出了固定相体系的反应动力学规律符合时下普遍接受的L—H方程的结论。     

阳宗海中光合细菌对活性艳红X-3B脱色的研究

从高原湖泊阳宗海中分离筛选出功能优秀的6株光合细菌，用海藻酸钠进行包埋。探讨了其自然细胞和固定化细胞在不同时间、不同温度、不同pH、不同菌体数量和不同染料浓度条件下对活性艳红X-3B的脱色效果。实验结果表明，2种细胞的最佳脱色时间为24h，最佳温度为25～45℃，最适pH为6～9，在最佳脱色条件下固定化细胞的脱色能力比自然细胞显著。     

TiO2固定相体系光催化降解活性艳红X-3B的动力学研究

以活性艳红X-3B为例,研究了多相光催化氧化反应中有关反应速度的动力学规律,并着重研究了有机物初始浓度、光照强度、pH值对反应级数的影响;得出了固定相体系的反应动力学规律符合时下普遍接受的L-H方程的结论。     

航母舰载机用高强、高韧、耐蚀不锈钢

介绍了美国采用低成本、基于计算的材料设计技术,研制出既能取消有毒的防护涂覆工艺,又能作为结构载体用的Ferrium(R) S53高强、高韧耐蚀不锈钢.Ferrium(R) S53不锈钢可以"非正式地"替代通常用于制造航母舰载机结构部件的非不锈钢.美军在新的航母舰载机合金研制中借助QuesTek公司基于计算的材料设计工具,将显著地提升海军武器平台系统性能,改善系统安全性,减轻环境危害.     

固定化微生物强化处理对甲苯胺模拟废水的研究

采用新型固定化载体大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物强化SBR处理对甲苯胺模拟废水，与对照组相比，通过投加大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物可以有效提高反应器的处理效率。在进水TOC浓度为434．8mg／L，对甲苯胺浓度为326．9mg／L的条件下，强化组可在100min左右将TOC和对甲苯胺基本去除完全，去除率在99％以上。对照组则需要300min才能达到相近的去除效果。强化组对氨氮同样具有较好的硝化效果，出水氨氮浓度在10mg／L以下。     

Kinetic characterizing of soil trace metal availability using Soil/EDTA/Chelex mixture

The kinetic aspects are not usually tackled when mimicking the soil trace metal mobilization. In this work, a simple procedure is developed for measuring the kinetics of Pb, Cu and Cd transfer from the soil solid phase towards a resin sink. A ternary system of Soil/EDTA/Chelex was employed for mimicking the metal transfer from two agricultural soil samples into the Chelex. Two different kinetic regimes (P₁ and P₂) were observed. The kinetic profile of Pb was distinctly different from those of Cd and Cu. Basing on kinetic principles, two kinetic models were proposed for estimating the apparent rate constants of leaching and removal processes in, respectively, two binary mixtures of soil/EDTA and EDTA extracts/Chelex. Contrary to Pb, solid phase pools of Cd and Cu exchanged with the solution on short time scales. The kinetic rate of desorption occurred in following order: Pb < Cu ? Cd. Comparing the kinetics of binary systems, the desorption process was hypothesized to control the metal transfer. The parameters related to the desorption process were extended to the kinetic regimes of Soil/EDTA/Chelex and revealed that the soil to Chelex transfer of Pb is under kinetics control whereas the bulk concentration (affected by the size of particulate reservoir) is likely to control the Cd transfer. Cu presents an intermediate case.     

纳米TiO2催化染料活性艳红X—3B光降解

研究了纳米级二氧化钛对活性艳红X－3B的多相光催化降解行为。对影响活性艳红X－3B溶液的光催化降解的各种条件（如溶液的pH值、光强、催化剂用量以及溶液的初始浓度等）进行了考察。结果表明，X－3B溶液在强酸性和强碱性介质中降解速度更快，降解率随着紫外光强度的增强而加快，随着X－3B初始浓度的增大而减慢；催化剂的最佳用量在1.5g／L左右，H2O2的使用量也有一个最佳浓度，约在20mmol左右，高于该值X－3B的去除率反而降低，而不是以前文献所报道的使用量赵多效果越好，以上各种条件下X－3B的光催化降解均符合一级反应动力学方程。